Table of Contents
Bed Making Definition:
* Bed making is the process of setting up various kinds of bed so that a patient or client is comfortable or that his or her position is appropriate.
* Bed making is a method or technique that helps the patient receive therapeutic care by giving him adequate space to be comfortable and carry out his everyday tasks.
* In general, making a bed that is both comfortable and appropriate for a hospitalised patient is known as bed making.
Purpose of Bed Making Procedure:
* To give the patient safety, comfort, and relaxation.
* To keep the hospital ward and unit tidy look and clean surroundings.
* To decrease the spread of microbes.
* To save resources, time, and effort.
* To encourage hygiene.
* To monitor the patient and avoid any issues.
* To minimise sources of skin irritation by providing a bed that is smooth and free of wrinkles.
Principles of Bed Making:
# Principle 1:
Microorganisms can be present anywhere on the body's surface, in the surroundings, and on the patient's personal items. The nurse makes sure that microorganisms are not transferred from their source to the new host or allowed to multiply by preventing direct or indirect contact.
Actions to perform:
* To prevent cross-infection, the nurse washes her hands both before and after preparing the patient's bed.
* To maintain cleanliness, bed linens are changed often.
* Be careful not to drop the bed linens on the floor when you are taking them off.
* To get rid of the dust, gently shake the linen. Dust and bacteria are transferred when bed linens are flapped because it creates air movement.
* To avoid coming into direct contact with the germs, the linen should be folded and kept away from the nurse.
* To maintain cleanliness, bed linens are changed often.
* Be careful not to drop the bed linens on the floor when you are taking them off.
* To get rid of the dust, gently shake the linen. Dust and bacteria are transferred when bed linens are flapped because it creates air movement.
* To avoid coming into direct contact with the germs, the linen should be folded and kept away from the nurse.
The client's bed and the entire unit should be thoroughly cleaned and dusted every day to prevent contamination.
* Dust is raised by dry dusting. It is advised to dust with moisture.
* Keep the patient linens separate.
* The patient shouldn't be attended by nurses who have an infection of the respiratory tract (RTIs).
* Clean from a place that is relatively clean to one that is more prone to contamination.
* Prior to cleaning the locker, make sure to clean the bed.
* To avoid droplet infection, keep a safe distance from the patient's face.
* Dust is raised by dry dusting. It is advised to dust with moisture.
* Keep the patient linens separate.
* The patient shouldn't be attended by nurses who have an infection of the respiratory tract (RTIs).
* Clean from a place that is relatively clean to one that is more prone to contamination.
* Prior to cleaning the locker, make sure to clean the bed.
* To avoid droplet infection, keep a safe distance from the patient's face.
# Principle 2:
For bedridden people, a secure and comfortable bedding will promote sleep and adequate rest and reduce a number of issues. For example, foot drop and bed sores.)
Actions to perform:
* To avoid bed sores from skin friction with the mattress or wrinkled sheets, the nurse needs to make sure the bed is smooth and free of wrinkles.
* Tightly tuck the bottom sheet to prevent wrinkles/creases.
* Make sure the mattress is secure, snug, and smooth by tucking the linen deep enough under it.
* Ensure that the corners of the mattress are square and firm and that it stays flat and even.
* Eliminate unnecessary waste, such as cotton, to keep the patient comfortable.
* Tightly tuck the bottom sheet to prevent wrinkles/creases.
* Make sure the mattress is secure, snug, and smooth by tucking the linen deep enough under it.
* Ensure that the corners of the mattress are square and firm and that it stays flat and even.
* Eliminate unnecessary waste, such as cotton, to keep the patient comfortable.
* Don't leave any damp sheets on the bed.
* Dusting must be done every day to get rid of any food scraps or medical waste (such as cotton, gauze, and needles).
* In order to keep the mattress and pillow in good condition, expose them to air and sunlight.
* To avoid bed sores, promote circulation, and preserve muscular tone, a bed should have sufficient space for the patient to move around freely.
* Provide necessary comfortable devices to the client for better comfort.
# Principle 3:
Proper body mechanics keep the body in alignment and avoid tiredness.
Actions to perform:
* When making the bed, keep your body in a proper posture by avoiding twisting, bending, or stretching.
* Instead of using your back muscles, use your large muscles.
* Work efficiently and systematically. To save time and effort, two persons can make beds collaboratively.
* To prevent back strain and bending, try raising the bed's height.
# Principle 4:
Patient comfort and safety
Actions to perform:
* Make sure the bed's locks are in place.
* After the bed is made, make sure the height is set to the correct level.
* Ensure that the bedside rails are in place.
* Steer clear of the bed's possible pressure points.
* Encourage comfort by keeping the bed free of creases, rough spots, food particles, and other objects.
# Principle 5:
Methodical approaches to work save resources, time, and effort.
Actions to perform:
* Before beginning the process, gather all of the articles together and organise them in a readily accessible manner.
* Put the linens in the opposite order.
* Remove the bed linens one at a time while keeping the open end facing the floor for removing the bed linen easily.
* The bed linens are folded so that they are simple to change.
Types of Bed:
| 1. | Open bed |
| 2. | Close bed |
| 3. | Occupied bed |
| 4. | Admission bed |
| 5. | Cardiac bed |
| 6. | Fracture bed |
| 8. | Post operative bed |
| 9. | Amputation bed |
| 10. | Fowlers bed |
| 11. | Renal bed |
Open Bed:
Open bed is a bed that is prepared when a new patient or an ambulatory patient is ready to use it.
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| Open Bed |
Closed Bed:
It is an empty or unoccupied bed that has been prepared to receive the patient and is completely wrapped with counterpane to keep dust and grime out. The closed bed is changed to an open bed upon the patient's admission.
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| Closed Bed |
Occupied Bed:
The patient has been placed in the bed.
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| Occupied Bed |
Admission Bed:
This bed is ready to take a patient who has just been admitted.
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| Admission Bed |
Cardiac Bed:
A bed provided for patients suffering from heart conditions.
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| Cardiac Bed |
Fracture Bed:
It is a bed designed and prepared for patients with bone disorders, fractures, and deformities.
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| Fracture Bed |
Post operative Bed
It is a bed set up for a client who is recovering from the effects of anaesthesia after surgical procedure.
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| Post Operative Bed |
Amputation Bed:
This bed's top linen is split in half so that the amputated lower limb can be seen without being bothered.
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| Amputation Bed |
Fowlers Bed:
The bed position where the patient's bed head is raised between 30 degrees to 90 degrees and if needed, the patient's knees are also raised as well.
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| Fowler's Bed |
Renal Bed:
Patients with renal or kidney disease utilise it.
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| Renal Bed |
Preparation of Patient:
* Obtain necessary consent
* Describe the process.
* Ask the patient to take suggested comfortable position.
* Respect and protect patient's privacy
* Choose a bed making option that is appropriate for the patient's condition.
Preparation of Environment:
* Protect patient privacy.
* If necessary take privacy screen.
* Make sure the surroundings are hygienic, organized and clean.
* Check sufficient lighting is available or not
* Sufficient ventilation must be available
Preparation of Articles:
1. Bottom sheet.
2. Mackintosh
3. Draw sheet.
4. Top Sheet.
5. Blanket.
6. Pillow with cover.
7. Mattress
8. Laundry bag.
9. Dusters.
10. A bowl with antiseptic solution.
11. A kidney tray.
12. Disposable gloves.
13. Stool/Trolly
Bed Making Procedure:
1. The necessary articles should be kept close to the unit near the patient.
2. Describe the procedure in detail. Advise the patient to sit on a stool if he is comfortable .
3. Cleaning your hands before starting the procedure.
4. Remove the pillow cover and keep the pillow aside.
5. If the blanket, top sheet, draw sheet, mackintosh, and bottom sheet are present, remove them.
6. Thoroughly dust the furnishings, the cot, and the mattress and make sure that these are clean.
7. Place the bottom sheet, mackintosh, and bottom sheet on the bed one by one.
8. Start by tucking the near side from the top to the bottom side of the bed. Create a mitered corner.
Move to the other side of the bed.
9. Tuck all the linen properly with mitered corner.
10. Place the top sheet on the bed (and, if necessary, the blanket).
11. Tuck in the bottom of the side first, then the other side. Let the sides hang loosely.
12. The top sheets should be fanfolded to the bottom.
13. Cover the pillow with the pillow cover. Place the pillow at the head end and keep the open end of the pillow away from the side of the door.
General Instructions:
* Prior to and following the procedure, be sure to wash your hands.
* Avoid exposing the patient unnecessarily.
* Keep the patient safe from dust and dirt.
* Avoid combining soiled and clean linens.
* Before beginning, all equipment should be gathered.
* There should be additional support accessible.
* Take standard safety measures.
* Don't shake the linens.
* Never remove linens from someone else's room and use them for yourself.
* Never place soiled sheets on top of fresh ones or on the floor.
* Make sure you always have a bin for dirty laundry.
After Care of Patient, Equipment and Unit:
* Assist the patient in getting into bed.
* Change the comfort devices that are being used.
* Before you go, make sure the entire unit is neat and orderly.
* Take the soiled linen and put it in the laundry bag. Before sending the linens to be laundered, remove any stains using the proper techniques.
* To disinfect the duster, soak it in an antiseptic solution. After rinsing with fresh water, let it air dry.
* Wash hands properly.
* Record the entire procedure and mention if anything special such as bed sore, blood stains, pus etc.
